Family Tree From Adam and Eve to Jesus Christ
The Genealogy from Adam to Jesus Christ
| "The Son of God" and The First Adam | ||||
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| thousand. Tamar | ---> Zera (Matthew 1:3) | |||
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| thou. Rachab | (Sala: Luke iii:32) | |||
| one thousand. Ruth | ||||
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| grand. Bathsheba (Luke 3:31) | ||||
| (1) SOLOMON Matthew 1:half-dozen | NATHAN (35) | |||
| (2) REHOBOAM | ||||
| (three) ABIA | MATTATHA (36) | |||
| (4) ASA | MENAN (37) | |||
| (5) JOSOPHAT | OMRI | MELEA (38) | ||
| | | ELIAKIM (39) | |||
| AHAB m. Jezebel | | JONAN (forty) | |||
| (6) JORAM | m. Athaliah | JOSEPH (41) | ||
| (Joash) (Amaziah) | JUDAH (42) | |||
| SIMEON (43) | ||||
| LEVI (44) | ||||
| (seven) OZIAS | MATTHAT (45) | |||
| (viii) JOATHAM | JORIM (46) | |||
| (nine) ACHAZ | ELIEZER (47) | |||
| (10) EZEKIAS | JOSE (48) | |||
| (xi) MANASSES | ER (49) | |||
| (12) AMON | ELMODAM (fifty) | |||
| (13) JOSIAS | COSAM (51) | |||
(14) JEHOIKIM (who had brothers, Matthew 1:11) | ADDI (52) | |||
| MELCHI (53) | ||||
| (ane) JECHONIAS (55) m. ---> | (2) SALATHIEL (56) | Widowed daughter husband deceased | NERI (54) | |
| | (Quite legally co-ordinate to the Mosaic law, Pedaiah's name does not appear as the begetter of Zerubbabel in either Matthew or Luke.) | |||
| (one Chr. 3:xix) | ||||
| SHELOMITH --> chiliad RHESA (58) | ||||
| (4) ABIUD | JOANNA (59) | |||
| (five) ELIAKIM | JUDA (60) | |||
| JOSEPH (61) | ||||
| (vi) AZOR | SEMEI (62) | |||
| MATTATHIAS (63) | ||||
| (seven) SADOC | MAATH (64) | |||
| (8) ACHIM | NAGGE (65) | |||
| ESLI (66) | ||||
| NAHUM (67) | ||||
| (9) ELIUD | AMOS (68) | |||
| MATTATHIAS (69) | ||||
| (10) ELEAZER | JOSEPH (lxx) | |||
| JANNA (71) | ||||
| (eleven) MATTHAN | MELCHI (72) | |||
| LEVI (73) | ||||
| MATTHAT (74) | ||||
| (12) JACOB | HELI (75) | |||
| (13) JOSEPH | m. | MARY (76) | ||
| The Son of God and the Final Adam | ||||
The Line of Jesus through Joseph
The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. Abraham was the father of Isaac, and Isaac the father of Jacob, and Jacob the male parent of Judah and his brothers, and Judah the male parent of Perez and Zerah past Tamar, and Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram, and Ram the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon the father of Salmon, and Salmon the father of Boaz past Rahab, and Boaz the male parent of Obed by Ruth, and Obed the father of Jesse, and Jesse the male parent of David the king. And David was the male parent of Solomon by the wife of Uriah, and Solomon the father of Rehoboam, and Rehoboam the father of Abijah, and Abijah the father of Asa, and Asa the father of Jehoshaphat, and Jehoshaphat the male parent of Joram, and Joram the male parent of Uzziah, and Uzziah the father of Jotham, and Jotham the begetter of Ahaz, and Ahaz the father of Hezekiah, and Hezekiah the begetter of Manasseh, and Manasseh the father of Amos, and Amos the father of Josiah, and Josiah the father of Jechoniah and his brothers, at the time of the displacement to Babylon. And after the deportation to Babylon: Jechoniah was the male parent of Shealtiel, and Shealtiel the male parent of Zerubbabel, and Zerubbabel the male parent of Abiud, and Abiud the male parent of Eliakim, and Eliakim the father of Azor, and Azor the father of Zadok, and Zadok the male parent of Achim, and Achim the begetter of Eliud, and Eliud the father of Eleazar, and Eleazar the father of Matthan, and Matthan the begetter of Jacob, and Jacob the father of Joseph the married man of Mary, of whom Jesus was born, who is called Christ. And then all the generations from Abraham to David were 14 generations, and from David to the displacement to Babylon xiv generations, and from the deportation to Babylon to the Christ fourteen generations. (Matthew 1:one-17)
The Line of Jesus Through Mary
Jesus, when he began his ministry building, was most thirty years of age, being the son (equally was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon, the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God. (Luke iii:23:38)
The Combined Genealogies of Matthew and Luke
(from The Seed of the Woman)
(from The Seed of the Woman)
The study of an ancient genealogy can be quite fascinating but it takes a little getting into and demands more than ordinary dedication.
The 2 genealogies of our Lord which together plant his absolute right to the throne of David, both by blood relationship through Mary and by title through Mary'southward husband, behave close examination. For they show how the 2 lines were preserved at one particularly disquisitional period when almost all family relationships in Israel were being disrupted. This was at the fourth dimension of the Captivity in Babylon. It is shown in a standard genealogy chart as a kind of "wasp-waist" joining the head and the trunk of the genealogy above and below Zerubbabel.
The details of this gate are the bailiwick of this Appendix. It seemed of import to say something nigh the circumstances here because information technology is at this signal in the line that the claret relationship between the Lord and David comes nearest to being destroyed.
The numbers which appear against the names in the Tabulation represent the two different systems of accounting adopted by Matthew, on the left side, and Luke, on the right. In Matthew, David appears as the 14th name from Abraham: in Luke David is the 34th name from Adam. The ruby-red line represents the blood line connection: the yellow line represents the carrying of title to the throne of David.
David had two sons who figure equally heads of the ii branches of the family as indicated in Matthew and Luke, namely, Solomon and Nathan. In Matthew's genealogy Solomon becomes No. i in the 2d group of fourteen names: and in Luke's genealogy Nathan becomes No. 35 on the other branch line.
From Solomon we motion down to Joram, No. half-dozen. Joram married Athaliah, the wicked daughter of a wicked father and mother (Ahab and Jezebel). As a consequence of this evil man and his married woman, his seed was cursed for four generations in accordance with the reference fabricated in Exodus 20:5. Thus Matthew, who probably follows the Temple records faithfully in his list, omits the next three names (Ahaziah, Joash, and Amaziah) from his genealogy. There is little dubiety that these Temple records had, past divine providence, removed these three generations from the register, so that Ozias (No. 7) appears as though he were the son of Joram, No. half-dozen, in the bookkeeping of Matthew 1:viii. We know from 1 Chronicles three:xi and 12 that in the original courtroom records, these three missing names were written downward. In this court tape, Ozias (No. 7) is given an alternative name Azariah (1 Chron. 3:12), and elsewhere he is also called Uzziah (Isa. half dozen:1). These are just variants of the same proper noun.
We pass on to No. 14, Jehoiakim. It is important to note that his name ends with an M, not an North, and he is non to be confused with his son whose name was Jehoiakin (or alternatively Jeconiah, Jechonias, Coniah, and Conias). This multivariant course of a name applied to a single private is common in many of the older cultures. It seems to be specially prevalent in Russian federation, even today.
At present, with Jehoiakim (No. xiv) we begin to meet the hand of God at work in a very special way separating the thread of continuity of blood relationship and titular right to the throne in David's family. Jehoiakim was the last king of Israel to come to the throne as a free man. Unfortunately he was both an evil man and a foolish i. He began his reign just when the Fertile Crescent was in a state of political turmoil, Nebuchadnezzar in particular having very aggressive designs for empire building which were challenged by Arab republic of egypt. In this see-saw competition for ability that habitually characterized the relationship between Egypt and Babylon, Palestine stood at the pivot indicate. But Jerusalem itself demand not actually have become involved, for the city really stood off the main route between the ii warring parties. Whatsoever king of Judah who kept out of the fray and conciliated the antagonists as they marched their armies back and along to attack each other, could expect to exist left more than or less solitary except for paying token tribute.
Jehoiakim was not humble enough or wise enough to realize this, and provoked Nebuchadnezzar to attack Jerusalem. This was the Lord's way of punishing a wicked human being who had unwisely aligned himself with the male monarch of Egypt. His immediate punishment was to take his urban center besieged and overrun, and to be carried captive to Babylon (2 Chron. 36:v,vi). But for some reason Nebuchadnezzar decided to render him to Jerusalem as a puppet king while he completed his unfinished business concern in Egypt. His long range punishment was foretold by Jeremiah (36:30) that none of his seed should ever sit upon the throne of David. This was a severe blow to him because he was in the directly line, as Matthew'south genealogy shows, and probably had every expectation of seeing this greatest of all honors accorded to his seed in due time.
Meanwhile Nebuchadnezzar, having completed his Egyptian campaign, soon discovered that Jehoiakim was a treacherous human being who could not be trusted by friend or foe. Indeed, then treacherous was he that fifty-fifty the people of his own city, Jerusalem, turned against him, murdered him, threw his body over the walls and left him unburied outside the urban center - exactly every bit predicted by Jeremiah (22:eighteen,19). Nebuchadnezzar must surely have known what had happened, but he did non interfere when Jehoiakin (i.due east., Jechonias, No. 55) succeeded his father.
But this immature prince who was only 18 years old when thus honoured (ii Kings 24:eight) proved to have no more than expert sense than his evil begetter. He provoked Nebuchadnezzar (after just three months and x days on the throne) to invest the city over again and depose him (2 Chron. 36:9). Jechonias and all his courtroom were taken captive to Babylon while his uncle, Zedekiah, was left as regent. Unfortunately, Zedekiah behaved as the residuum of his family had done and xi years later on, Nebuchadnezzar seized Zedekiah, put all his sons to death before his optics, and and then deliberately blinded him. Zedekiah was taken to Babylon and died there. Jerusalem meanwhile was utterly destroyed (2 Kings 24:17-25:xvi).
Now Jechonias, after being taken to Babylon, was put in prison where he remained for some xxx-seven years. Information technology appears that either earlier he was taken captive or possibly during his captivity he was married to a woman of appropriate status who appears to have been a girl of Neri (No. 54 in Nathan'south branch of the family unit) and therefore of David's line. In social club to account for the subsequent relationships shown in the two converging genealogies, we have to assume that this adult female was a widow whose husband had probably been killed in i of the many sieges which Jerusalem had suffered. It seems as though the prophet Zechariah had this circumstance in mind (12:12). This widow already had a son by her deceased husband when Jechonias took her equally a wife. This son's name was Pedaiah. His proper name is not numbered in the genealogy shown in the nautical chart. Information technology appears only in 1 Chronicles 3:18 where he is shown as a son of Jehoiakin (i.e., Jechonias). If his widowed mother was married to Jechonias, he would by Jewish custom become the son of Jechonias automatically.
But Jechonias appears to accept had a son of his own by this widow of the majestic line. This son's proper name was Salathiel (No. 2 and No. 56 in the two pedigree lines). By this wedlock of a widow to Jechonias, these two boys - sons of the same mother - would become brothers by Jewish custom.
Notwithstanding, Salathiel appears to accept died childless, though non until he had reached manhood and married a wife. Jehoiakim's blood line thus came to an end in his grandson Salathiel - indicated past termination of the red line. Just as it happens the actual championship to the throne remained active. The curse of Jeremiah 36:xxx was to be fulfilled not by the removal of the title itself from Jehoiakim'south line but by the denial of that title to anyone who happened to be a blood relative in the line. With the death of Salathiel this blood line terminated.
But now, according to Jewish custom as set up forth in the principle of the Levirate (Deut. 25:5,vi), it became incumbent upon Pedaiah, the deceased Salathiel'due south (step) blood brother, to have his widow and raise up seed through her who would not therefore be of Salathiel'due south blood line but would be constituted legally as Salathiel'south son through whom the championship would pass to his descendants. The son of this Levirate union was Zerubbabel. In Matthew 1:12 and Luke iii:27 Zerubbabel is listed legally as Salathiel's son: merely in one Chronicles 3:19 he is listed every bit the son of Pedaiah past bodily blood relationship.
In the terms of biblical reckoning these ii statements are in no sense contradictory. Nosotros might wish to be more precise by substituting such extended terms of relationship every bit son-in-law, stepson, and and so along. But Scripture is not required to adopt our particular terminology. It is required only to exist consequent with itself, and the facts of the case as recorded of those who were the actors in the drama are precisely as stated.
We thus take a remarkable chain of events. Jehoiakim has a son, Jechonias, who has a son, Salathiel, who by Levirate custom has a son named Zerubbabel. This son, Zerubbabel, has no blood line connection whatever with Jechonias, for he has no blood relationship with Salathiel. The claret human relationship of Zerubbabel is with Pedaiah, and through Pedaiah with Pedaiah'south mother, and through this mother with Neri. Thus Neri begat a grandson, Salathiel, through his daughter; and Salathiel "begets" a son, Zerubbabel, through Pedaiah.
The blood line thus passes through Zerubbabel: but then does the title besides. The quondam passes via Pedaiah's female parent, the latter passes through Salathiel's begetter. And though this mother and this father were also human and wife, the blood line stopped with Salathiel who literally died childless. Information technology is necessary to emphasize this word literally, for information technology appears that it was literally true. Jeremiah 22:thirty had predicted that Jechonias would also dice "childless"-but nosotros are reasonably sure that this was not literally the case, for he had a son Salathiel whom we cannot otherwise account for. Just Jechonias' subsequent history tells us the sense in which childlessness was to be practical to him.
Jechonias seems to take matured and softened during his thirty-seven years of imprisonment in Babylon, and Nebuchadnezzar's son, Evil-Merodach, manifestly took a liking to him and set up him complimentary, giving him a pension for the residuum of his life (2 Kings 25:27-xxx: Jer. 52:31-34). He would by now exist nearing sixty and probably be counted a harmless old human being.
Reading these two records of Scripture concerning this surprising act of charity accorded to the last 18-carat male monarch of Israel (until Messiah shall be crowned), one has a strange sense of the mercy of God and the potential for gracious action that even pagan kings could brandish in those days. It is a touching swan-song to the old kingdom of David's line which volition still exist renewed in celebrity. At whatsoever rate, when Jechonias died, he seems to take died solitary without male descendants, "childless" in his one-time age, as Jeremiah had predicted he would.
Equally to Zerubbabel, he became a very prominent and worthy man in the rebuilding of Israel'south fortunes after the Captivity, under the chivalrous authorization of Cyrus. He stands as No. 3 and No. 57 in the dual pedigree. He appears to have had several sons and one girl (one Chron. 3:xix). We practise not know why his sons were disqualified: we but know that their sister, Shelomith, inherited the title and carried the blood line. Both of these she passed on to her eldest son, Abiud, and so to Joseph. Simply with Joseph, as with Salathiel, the blood line terminated once once more in so far as the Lord Jesus received goose egg from him past natural procreation. All the same, Mary drew her line, the claret line, through Heli from Joanna (No. 59), the second son of Shelomith.
And thus the Lord Jesus received the ii guarantees of right to the throne of David: the blood line through his mother direct, and the title through his adopting father, Joseph. With his decease and resurrection these two rights became locked for ever in his Person and cannot be passed on to, or henceforth claimed by, any other man.
The nautical chart at the acme of the page is from Arthur Custance'southward book, "The Seed of the Woman."
See also Arthur C. Custance, "The Genealogies of the Bible: A Neglected Field of study."
Annex
Every Christmas season our thoughts turn to the birth of Christ and to his female parent, Mary. To some extent, we all take the nativity for granted. Only why was Jesus born of a virgin? I answer, of course, is to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah 7:14: "Behold the virgin shall conceive, and carry a son, and shall phone call his name Immanuel."
Merely that's more descriptive than causal: why was it necessary in the first place? There are, of class, many profound theological bug inherent in the virgin birth. One mode to view this issue is to accost one of the problems it solves.
The Problem
God announced very early that His program for redemption involved the Messiah beingness brought forth from the tribe of Judah (1), and specifically from the line of David 2. The succession of subsequent kings proved to be, with just a few exceptions, a dismal concatenation. As the succeeding kings of Judah went from bad to worse, we eventually encounter Jeconiah (also known as Jehoiachin), upon whom God pronounces a " blood curse" : "Thus saith the Lord, Write ye this human being childless, a homo that shall not prosper in his days: for no human being of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling any more in Judah."(Jeremiah 22:thirty)
This curse created a rather grim and perplexing paradox: the Messiah had to come from the imperial line, yet now there was a "blood expletive" on that very line of descent! (I always visualize a commemoration in the councils of Satan on that solar day. But then I imagine God turning to His angels, saying, "Sentry this one!")
The Solution
The answer emerges in the differing genealogies of Jesus Christ recorded in the gospels. Matthew, equally a Levi, focuses his gospel on the Messiahship of Jesus and presents Him equally the Lion of the Tribe of Judah. Thus, Matthew traces the legal line from Abraham (equally any Jew would) through David, and then through Solomon (the . purple. line) to Joseph, the legal begetter of Jesus (3).
On the other hand, Luke, equally a doc, focuses on the humanity of Jesus and presents Him as the Son of Man. Luke traces the blood line from Adam (the get-go Man) through to David -- and his genealogy from Abraham through David is identical to Matthew'south. But then later on David, Luke departs from the path taken by Matthew and traces the family tree through another son of David (the 2d surviving son of Bathsheba), Nathan, downward through Heli, the father of Mary, the mother of Jesus (iv).
Zelophehad
One should also annotation the exception to the law which permitted inheritance through the daughter if no sons were bachelor and she married inside her tribe (5).
The daughters of Zelophehad had petitioned Moses for a special exception, which was granted when they entered the state under Joshua.
I believe it was C.I. Scofield who first noted that the claims of Christ rely upon this peculiar exception granted to the family of Zelophehad in the Torah. Heli, Mary'due south male parent, apparently had no sons, and Mary married within the tribe of Judah. Jesus was born of the virgin Mary, of the house and lineage of David and carrying legal title to the line, but without the blood curse of Jeconiah. [I believe that every detail in the Torah -- and the unabridged Bible -- has a direct link to Jesus Christ. "The volume of the volume is written of me." (Psalm xl:seven) [For a more detailed discussion, run into our book, Catholic Codes -- Hidden Messages from the Edge of Eternity, soon in publication.]
Earlier Glimpse
This was no afterthought or post facto remedy, of form. It was commencement announced in the Garden of Eden when God declared state of war on Satan: " I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy caput, and g shalt bruise his heel."(Genesis 3:15)
The "Seed of the Woman" thus becomes one of the prophetic titles of the Messiah. This biological contradiction is the first hint -- in the early chapters of Genesis -- of the virgin birth.
John likewise presents a genealogy, of sorts, of the Pre-Existent One in the get-go three verses of his gospel (six). The Prophet Micah also highlights this: " Only thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, all the same out of thee shall he come up forth unto me that is to be ruler in State of israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting."(Micah 5:2)
Notes:
ane. Genesis 49:ten.
2. Ruth 4:22; 2 Samuel 7:11-16.
3. Matthew one:i-17.
four. Luke three:23-38.
5. Numbers 26:33; 27:ane-11; 36:2-12; Joshua 17:three-6; 1 Chronicles 7:xv.
6. John 1:1-three.
(From Personal Update, December 1998)
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